Low-protein amino acid–supplemented diets for growing pigs: Effect on expression of amino acid transporters, serum concentration, performance, and carcass composition
A. Morales, L. Buenabad, G. Castillo, N. Arce, B. A. Araiza, J. K. Htoo and M. Cervantes
Pigs fed protein-bound AA appear to have a higher abundance of AA transporters for their absorption in the jejunum compared with the duodenum. However, there is limited data about the effect of dietary free AA, readily available in the duodenum, on the duodenal abundance of AA transporters and its impact on pig performance. Forty-eight pigs (24.3 kg initial BW) distributed in 4 treatments were used to evaluate the effect of the CP level and form (free vs. protein bound) in which AA are added to diets on the expression of AA transporters in the 3 small intestine segments, serum concentration of AA, and performance. Dietary treatments based on wheat and soybean meal (SBM) were 1) low-CP (14%) diet supplemented with l-Lys, l-Thr, dl-Met, l-Leu, l-Ile, l-Val, l-His, l-Trp, and l-Phe (LPAA); 2) as in the LPAA but with added l-Gly as a N source (LPAA+N); 3) intermediate CP content (16%) supplemented with l-Lys HCl, l-Thr, and dl-Met (MPAA); and 4) high-CP (22%) diet (HP) without free AA. At the end of the experiment, 8 pigs from LPAA and HP were sacrificed to collect intestinal mucosa and blood samples and to dissect the carcasses. There were no differences in ADG, ADFI, G:F, and weights of carcass components and some visceral organs between treatments. Weights of the large intestine and kidney were higher in HP pigs (P < 0.01). Expression of b0,+ in the duodenum was higher in pigs fed the LPAA compared with the HP diet (P = 0.036) but there was no difference in the jejunum and ileum. In the ileum, y+ L expression tended to be higher in pigs fed the LPAA diet (P = 0.098). Expression of b0,+ in LPAA pigs did not differ between the duodenum and the jejunum, but in HP pigs, the expression of all AA transporters was higher in the jejunum than in the duodenum or ileum (P < 0.05). The serum concentration of Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Phe, and Val was higher but serum Lys and Met were lower in pigs fed the HP diet (P < 0.05). These results indicate that LPAA can substitute up to 8 percentage units of protein in HP wheat–SBM diets without affecting pig performance; nonessential N does not seem to be limiting in very low-protein wheat–SBM diets for growing pigs. Also, the inclusion of free AA in the diet appears to affect their serum concentration and the expression of the AA transporter b0,+ in the duodenum of pigs.