第08期 妊娠后期母豬日糧中添加中鏈脂肪酸甘油酯提高初生仔豬的成活率

畜牧人小李

Increased survival of neonatal pigs by supplementing medium-chain triglycerides in late-gestating sow diets

作者：Kuo-Bin Jean, Shu-Hsing Chiang

Department of Animal Science, P.O. Box 884, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan

來源：Animal Feed Science and Technology 76 (1999) 241±250

翻譯：腸動力研究院

摘要：為了研究在母豬日糧中添加中鏈脂肪酸酯（MCT）提高初生仔豬成活率的功能和機(jī)理，開展了2個實驗。實驗1，從懷孕84天開始一直持續(xù)到哺乳第28天，51頭母豬飼喂玉米豆粕型日糧，日糧中分別添加大豆油（SO，n=17頭），椰子油（CO，n=18頭），MCT（n=16頭）根據(jù)體重按9:1的比例添加。與飼喂大豆油的母豬組相比，飼喂MCT（p<0.01）或椰子油（p<0.05）的母豬組，其初生體重<1100克的仔豬，在出生后頭三天的成活率極顯著提高。MCT組、椰子油組、大豆油組的前三天成活率分別為：98.6%、80%、47.6%。實驗2，從懷孕84天開始持續(xù)到分娩，24頭母豬，每個處理8頭母豬，飼喂日糧與實驗1相同。與飼喂大豆油組母豬所產(chǎn)仔豬相比，飼喂MCT（p<0.10）和椰子油（p<0.01）的母豬組，其出生4小時后的仔豬的肝糖原量顯著提高、飼喂MCT（p<0.01）和椰子油（p<0.10）的母豬組，其仔豬肌糖原量顯著提高。相比大豆油組，MCT組和椰子油組的仔豬的血漿白蛋白顯著提高。實驗結(jié)果顯示：母豬日糧含有MCT或椰子油，可能增強(qiáng)了仔豬出生時的機(jī)體糖原的儲存和仔豬的發(fā)育成熟，因此，提高其成活率，特別是出生體重低的仔豬的頭三天的成活率。

關(guān)鍵詞：中鏈脂肪酸甘油酯 成活率  機(jī)體組成  發(fā)育成熟 豬

以下是實驗中相關(guān)圖表

表1. 母豬基礎(chǔ)日糧表

2. 日糧脂肪對母豬窩仔生產(chǎn)性能的影響（2.1節(jié)-實驗1）

圖1. 母豬日糧的脂肪對仔豬成活率的影響（2.1節(jié)-實驗1）。(a)x-軸下面括號里面的數(shù)字表示每個處理組的不同初生體重的出生活仔數(shù)。(*) 大豆油組vsMCT組或者椰子油組（p<0.05）；(**) 大豆油組vsMCT組（p<0.01）

圖2. 日糧脂肪對母豬的血漿 β-羥基丁酸濃度（2.2節(jié)-實驗2）的影響. (*) 大豆油vsMCT（p<0.05）

表3.  日糧脂肪對母豬的初乳和乳汁組成的影響（2.1節(jié)-實驗1）

表4.  母豬日糧脂肪對出生后4小時仔豬的機(jī)體和血漿組成的影響。（2.2節(jié)-實驗2）

結(jié)論

可以做如下總結(jié)：是因為機(jī)體糖原的儲存的增加和初生仔豬的發(fā)育成熟，而不是母乳組成的變化，或許可以解釋飼喂MCT的母豬所產(chǎn)仔豬的成活率提高。因此，在妊娠期的1/3時段內(nèi)，飼喂母豬MCT是一個提高初生仔豬成活率的有效方式。MCT+椰子油（天然和便宜的MCT來源），可能是一個更經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的途徑。

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to study the efficacy and causes of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) in sow diet in improving the survival of neonatal pigs. In Experiment 1, beginning on d84 of gestation and continuing through d28 of lactation, 51 sows were fed corn±soybean meal diet mixed with either soybean oil (SO; n 17), coconut oil (CO; n 18), or MCT (n 16) in a proportion of 9 : 1 by weight. The highest improvement in survival of pigs by sows fed MCT (p<0.01) or CO (p<0.05) was observed during the first three days after birth in pigs weighing <1100 g at birth, compared with sows fed SO. Their three-day survival was 98.6, 80.0 and 47.6%, respectively, for MCT, CO and SO groups. In Experiment 2, beginning on d84 of gestation and continuing through farrowing, 24 sows, 8 sows per treatment, were fed diets as in Experiment 1. Liver glycogen content of pigs 4 h after born from sows fed MCT (p<0.10) and CO (p<0.01), and muscle glycogen of pigs from sows fed MCT (p<0.01) and CO (p<0.10) were increased, compared to those of pigs from sows fed SO. Plasma albumin was increased by MCT and CO (p<0.01), relative to SO. The results suggest that MCT or CO in sow diets may enhance the body glycogen stores and maturity of pigs at birth and, hence, their survival, particularly in pigs with low birth weight during the first three days of life. 5 1999 Elsevier Science B.V.

Keywords: Medium-chain triglycerides; Survival; Body composition; Maturity; Pigs

Conclusion

It can be concluded that increased body glycogen stores and probably maturity of pigs at birth, but not the changed sow's milk composition, seem to be the explanation for the increased survival of the pigs from sows fed MCT. Therefore, feeding sows MCT for at least one third of the gestation could be an effective way in increasing the survival of neonatal pigs. Substituting MCT with coconut oil, a natural and cheaper MCT source, may lead to a more cost-effective practice.

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