高豆粕比例和超劑量植酸酶對商業飼養條件下斷奶仔豬生長性能的影響

畜牧編輯

　　2017.J. Anim. Sci. 95(12): 5455–5465
　　原文鏈接：https://academic.oup.com/jas/article/95/12/5455/4772090
　　DOI:10.2527/jas2017.1789

　　高豆粕比例和超劑量植酸酶對商業飼養條件下斷奶仔豬生長性能的影響
　　K.Moran， R. D. Boyd， C. Zier-Rush， P. Wilcock， N. Bajjalieh， E. van Heugten

　　翻譯：  李平      校對：  上海亙泰

　　本研究通過兩項試驗來探究保育豬日糧中超劑量添加植酸酶是否可以改善豆粕(SBM)的使用效果。

　　試驗一使用2550頭豬（體重5.54 ± 0.09kg）來評估在低或高豆粕含量日糧中植酸酶的最優添加水平。2個豆粕水平（低和高）和4個植酸酶劑量水平（0，1250，2500和3750植酸酶單位[FTU]／kg），形成2×4共8個試驗處理。試驗分3個階段，時間分別為10、10和22天。低和高豆粕組日糧中豆粕的添加量，在第1階段，分別為15.0%和25.0%；第2階段分別是19.0%和29.0%；第三階段豆粕含量均為32.5%。與低豆粕日糧相比，高豆粕日糧改善了第1、2階段和全期的肉料比（G:F）（P< 0.01）。植酸酶可二次線性改善第3期和全期的料重比（P < 0.05），植酸酶最適劑量為2500 FTU/kg。高豆粕日糧僅在試驗第2天有降低糞便硬度（stool firmness，試驗測定了第1至10天的糞便硬度）的趨勢（P =0.09）。

　　在試驗二中，2112頭豬（體重5.99 ±0.10kg）被用來評價母豬繁殖與呼吸綜合征（PRRS）病毒呈陽性的豬場中，高豆粕日糧和植酸酶對斷奶仔豬生長性能、糞便硬度、死亡率和豬繁殖與呼吸綜合征發病率的影響。豬飼喂程序和階段設置同試驗一。3個豆粕添加水平（低，中，高）和2個植酸酶添加水平（600或2600 FTU），按3×2組合共6個試驗處理。豆粕添加量，在第1和第2階段，分別為15.0、22.5、30%和20.0、27.5、35.0%，第3階段均為29.0%。結果發現豆粕含量并未影響生長性能。隨著豆粕含量的增加，被移除用于治療的豬只比例呈線性下降(P = 0.04)。高豆粕含量日糧有減少第4和第5天糞便硬度的趨勢（P < 0.10），高植酸酶有提高第2和第4天糞便硬度的趨勢（P <0.10）。通過測定第20和第42天豬唾液樣本中豬繁殖與呼吸綜合征病毒滴度，證實了豬對該病毒的感染狀態；然而，病毒載量不受日糧處理影響（P ≥ 0.11）。

　　以上結果表明，在早期乳仔豬日糧中可以增加豆粕水平，不會降低其生長性能，并且可以降低母豬繁殖與呼吸綜合征病毒陽性豬場仔豬的醫療成本。無論豆粕添加量高或低，超劑量水平添加植酸酶均可以提高仔豬的生長性能。

　　關鍵詞：植酸酶，豬繁殖與呼吸綜合征，豆粕，斷奶仔豬

　　Effectsof high inclusion of soybean meal and a phytase superdose on growth performance of weaned pigs housed under the rigors of commercial conditions

　　K. Moran,  R. D. Boyd,  C. Zier-Rush, P. Wilcock,  N. Bajjalieh,  E. van Heugten

　　Two studies were conducted to determine whether soybean meal (SBM) use in nursery pig diets can be increased by superdosing with phytase. In Exp. 1, 2,550 pigs (BW of 5.54 ± 0.09 kg) were used to evaluate the optimal level of phytase in low- or high-SBM diets. Two SBM levels (low and high) and 4 phytase doses (0,1,250, 2,500, and 3,750 phytase units [FTU]/kg) were combined to create 8 dietary treatments in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. Pigs were fed a 3-phase feeding program, with each period being 10, 10, and 22 d, respectively. Inclusion of low and high SBM was 15.0 and 25.0%, respectively, for Phase 1; 19.0 and 29.0%, respectively, for Phase 2; and 32.5% for the common Phase 3 diet. Pigs fed diets with high SBM had improved G:F for Phase 1 and 2 and overall (P< 0.01) compared with low-SBM diets. Phytase quadratically improved G:F during Phase 3 and overall (P < 0.05), with the optimum phytase dose being 2,500 FTU/kg. High-SBM diets tended (P = 0.09) to decrease stool firmness (determined daily from d 1 to 10) only on d 2. In Exp. 2, 2,112 pigs (BW of5.99 ± 0.10 kg) were used to evaluate the impact of high levels of SBM and phytase on performance, stool firmness, mortality, and morbidity in weaned pigs originating from a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus–positive sow farm. Pigs were fed a 3-phase feeding program as in Exp. 1.Three levels of SBM (low, medium, or high) and 2 phytase levels (600 or 2,600 FTU) were combined to create 6 dietary treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Inclusion of SBM was 15.0, 22.5, and 30.0% for Phase 1 and 20.0, 27.5, and 35.0% for Phase 2 for low, medium, and high SBM, respectively, and 29.0% forthe common Phase 3 diet. Inclusion of SBM did not affect growth performance. The percentage of pigs removed for medical treatment linearly declined with increasing SBM levels (P = 0.04). High-SBM diets tended (P < 0.10) to decrease stool firmness during d 4 and 5 and high phytase tended (P < 0.10) to improve stool firmness on d 2 and 4. Analyzed PRRS titers in saliva samples collected on d 20 and 42 confirmed the PRRS status of the pigs; however, viralload was not impacted by dietary treatments (P ≥ 0.11). Results indicate that SBM levels in early nursery diets can be increased without decreasing growth performance and may be favorable in pigs originating from PRRS-positive sow farms by reducing costs of medical treatments. Supplementation of phytase at superdose levels can improve growth performance independently from the levelof SBM in the diet.

　　Keywords: phytase, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, soybean meal, weaned pigs

　　來源：豬營養國際論壇CSIS

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