第200期：高產(chǎn)哺乳母豬日糧中添加合成氨基酸下的最佳粗蛋白水平

畜牧人小李

2019. J. Anim. Sci. 97(8):3399–3414

DOI：https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz200

高產(chǎn)哺乳母豬日糧中添加合成氨基酸下的最佳粗蛋白水平

Camilla K Hojgaard, Thomas S Bruun, Peter K Theil

本試驗(yàn)?zāi)康脑谟谘芯扛弋a(chǎn)哺乳母豬日糧中缺乏組氨酸、亮氨酸、纈氨酸、異亮氨酸或苯丙氨酸時(shí)，最大化窩增重的SID粗蛋白需要量。

日糧賴氨酸水平為需要量的95%，而蛋氨酸、蛋氨酸+胱氨酸、蘇氨酸和色氨酸水平通過(guò)添加合成氨基酸使其水平達(dá)到/略微超過(guò)需要量。試驗(yàn)使用總計(jì)540頭母豬（L×Y, DanBred, Herlev, Denmark），胎次1-5胎，試驗(yàn)期從分娩后第3天至26天斷奶。將母豬隨機(jī)分為6個(gè)日糧處理，日糧SID粗蛋白分別為96、110、119、128、137、152 g/kg。在分娩后第3±2天將每窩仔豬調(diào)整至14頭。在分娩后第3±2天、第26天±3天測(cè)量并記錄母豬體重、背膘厚和窩重。從中挑選72頭母豬（胎次為2-4胎），在第10、17±3天對(duì)仔豬稱重，第3±2天、10、17、24±3天收集乳汁和血液樣品。通過(guò)重水稀釋法在第3±2天、26±3天測(cè)量這72頭母豬的體蛋白和體脂池。所有數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)ANOVA、線性和二次線性多重比較。通過(guò)SAS的NLMIXED程序的線性回歸模型和折線模型分析存在二次線性關(guān)系的變量、豬乳日期和處理之間的互作。

窩日增重在125g SID粗蛋白/kg達(dá)到轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。經(jīng)產(chǎn)母豬比初產(chǎn)母豬窩增重顯著提高（在達(dá)到轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)后分為為3.33 VS. 3.02 kg/d；P＜0.001），但是處理對(duì)斷奶窩重沒(méi)有顯著影響（P=0.62）。母豬體重?fù)p失在102g SID粗蛋白/kg時(shí)最小。隨著日糧SID粗蛋白的逐漸提高，豬乳中蛋白和酪蛋白含量線性增加（P＜0.001）。乳中尿素含量在111-118g SID粗蛋白/kg時(shí)最低（P＜0.05），乳脂含量在116g SID粗蛋白/kg時(shí)最高（P＜0.05）。

總之，維持最大窩增重的SID粗蛋白需要量為125g/kg。

Optimal crude protein in diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids fed to high-yielding lactating sows

Camilla K Hojgaard, Thomas S Bruun, Peter K Theil

The objective of the current study was to determine the requirement of standardized ileal digestible (SID) CP for maximal litter gain in high-yielding lactating sows due to insufficient supply of either His, Leu, Val, Ile, or Phe. The content of SID Lys was formulated at 95% of the recommended level, while that of Met, Met+Cys, Thr, and Trp was formulated at 100% of the recommended level or slightly greater using crystalline AA. A total of 540 parity 1 to 5 sows (L×Y, DanBred, Herlev, Denmark) were included in the study from day 3 after farrowing until weaning at day 26. Sows were allocated to six dietary treatments increasing in SID CP content (96, 110, 119, 128, 137, and 152 g/kg). Litters were standardized to 14 piglets at day 3± 2 after farrowing. At day 3 ± 2 after farrowing and at day 26 ± 3, sow BW and back fat, and litter weight were recorded. On a subsample of 72 sows (parity 2 to 4), litters were also weighed at days 10 and 17 ± 3, and milk and blood weresampled at day 3 ± 2 d, and 10, 17 and at 24 ± 3 d in lactation. Sow body poolsof protein and fat were determined on the 72 sows at days 3 ± 2 and 26 ± 3 dusing the D2O dilution technique. All data were subjected to ANOVA, and to linear and quadratic polynomial contrasts. Variables with quadratic effects or days in milk × treatment interactions were analyzed using linear regression or one-slope linear broken line using the NLMIXED procedure of SAS. Average daily litter gain reached a breakpoint at 125 g SID CP/kg (as-fed). Multiparous sows had a greater litter gain than primiparous sows (3.33 vs. 3.02 kg/d above the breakpoint; P < 0.001) but litter size (13.1 ± 0.1) at weaning were unaffected by dietary treatment (P = 0.62). Sow BW loss was minimized at 102 g SID CP/kg. Concentrations of protein and casein in milk increased linearly with increasing SID CP (P < 0.001). Milk urea reached a minimum at 111–118 g SID CP/kg (P < 0.05) and milk fat a maximum at 116 g SID CP/kg (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 125 g SID CP/kg feed was required to maximize litter gain.

翻譯：上海亙泰    轉(zhuǎn)自：豬營(yíng)養(yǎng)國(guó)際論壇