英國：提高養豬業的可持續發展

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　　提高養豬業的可持續發展

　　備受矚目的歐洲帝斯曼豬研討會探討了豬的各個方面，涉及到可持續發展，遺傳，健康，福利，營養和管理。
　　來自西班牙，丹麥，英國，瑞士和加拿大140多個行業的專家共同參加了本次研討會。
　　大會主席是 Matthias Wiemann，他是DSM的歐洲豬業管理者，他說這個研討會在滿足全球肉質蛋白質方面將會扮演重要的角色。"當今的豬業面臨很多問題，如遺傳學，福利和環境法規等方面，但是，良好的盈利仍然是根本，這需要良好的管理，高效的系統和成熟的產品，所有這些都建立在國際交流的基礎上"
　　Helen Miller博士強調的主題是植酸酶的重要性，她的論文是“骨礦化的需求和植酸酶影響”，解釋了“植物中的磷是如何封存為植酸鹽的”。
　　Miller博士, 來自英國利茲大學，在研討會上說“植酸鹽本身是不能消化的，但是它可與陽離子在胃中低pH值組成鹽，它們大部分在腸道中不能溶化吸收。她列舉而來植物植酸鹽的三個關鍵問題，抗營養因子，二價陽離子與蛋白質和氨基酸結合，降低它們的活性和可用性，封鎖磷。Miller博士說”低植酸酶可釋放充足的磷和鈣元素，滿足動物的需求，推進生產水平的提高。“
　　Miller博士還說植酸鹽中心的肌醇可被植酸酶釋放，肌醇是一種重要的營養，這個效應以及在雞試驗中看到可推動雞的生長。她總結說“骨磷是磷有效性和增強植酸酶效應的一個很好指標，但是性能標準給最佳植酸酶提供了一個最好的指示。
　　DSM已經將植酸酶應用到Ronozyme HiPhos產品中，這將增加了植物磷的穩定性，使其能在植物飼料中保持溫度，允許動物飼料不添加有機磷，去除有機磷帶來的環境問題。添加200g/t的Ronozyme HiPhos產品已經證明可比無植酸酶產品降低70%的代謝蛋白，并降低了溫室氣體的排放。相當于1倆車繞地球環行6周，或每1000只肉雞生產的溫室氣體。
　　Daniel Barreda博士闡述了維生素D3在外骨骼中的作用。Barreda博士的論文則闡述了斷奶仔豬日糧中添加25羥基維生素D3的重要性。Lucas Dominguez教授闡述了“控制現代養豬生產中沙門氏菌的戰略。”他確定在歐盟，豬肉是人類感染疾病的第二個重要來源。他說控制措施是建立在嚴格的衛生規范，消毒，生物安全和管理基礎上的，要避免壓力狀態和交叉感染。“
　　Gunner Sorensen博士則強調了”現代母豬的飼養遺傳學“。母豬要避免太肥和太瘦，要在產仔，斷奶，妊娠和懷孕70天評定體況，在這些措施上還要注重個體母豬妊娠期的采食量。母豬胃潰瘍要考慮最小化通過胃腸道的粗粒飼料，此外還要看飼料變化和水供應。
　　Sorensen博士, 來自丹麥農業和食品委員會的養豬研究中心，說，農場的目標應該是管理好母豬，引導它們好好照顧仔豬，提高仔豬產量應通過提高產奶量實現。母豬哺乳期體重下降將會在下一個產仔周期獲得較高的窩數。
　　研討會得出了以下幾個重要結論：
　　1優化植酸酶的使用將會提高P的利用率，獲得更好的豬性能
　　2現代母豬遺傳學與營養和管理密切相關
　　3 飼料添加劑持續發展，要憑借其較低的來源需求
　　4 仔豬免疫可由25羥基維生素D3推動
　　5、監控豬舍的沙門氏菌是控制的關鍵。
　　這些研究將確保歐洲養豬也面對現代挑戰具有一個光明的未來。
　　英文來源：pigprogress
　　譯者”IRIS
　　注:本文是摘譯


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　英文原文　The latest research from Spain, Denmark, UK, Switzerland and Canada drew over 140 industry specialists to the autumn event, held in Madrid, Spain under the title Preparing for modern pig production. Symposium chairman Matthias Wiemann, DSM's European swine manager, said the industry will play a crucial role in meeting the growing worldwide demand for meat protein: "The pig business today is facing several challenges from modern high-prolific genetics, welfare and environmental regulations, to sustainability. But most importantly, good profitability is still fundamental. This needs good management, efficient systems and proven products, all based on the best international research." This theme was amplified by Dr Helen Miller, who looked at the role modern phytases can play in releasing phosphorous (P) from vegetable ingredients and potentially remove the requirement for inorganic P supplementation in modern pig diets. Her paper, 'Requirements for bone mineralisation and phytase impact,' explained how P from vegetable material was generally locked-up in phytates. Dr Miller, from the School of Biology at the UK's Leeds University , told the Symposium: "Phytate itself is not indigestible, but it forms salts with cations at the low pH in the stomach that are largely insoluble in the small intestine and inaccessible to enzyme action." She cited three key issues related to vegetable phytate, its impact as an Antinutritional factor (ANF), the binding of divalent cations including proteins and amino acids, reducing their activity and availability, and the lock-up of P. Phytate as an ANF is thought to inhibit digestion by reducing nutrient absorption and thereby reducing feed conversion rates, the binding of proteins in the stomach may increase both energy and protein requirements, and the lock-up of vegetable P requires inorganic P to be added to the diet, leading to high P excretion and associated environmental issues in the manure . Dr Miller said: "Low levels of phytase release sufficient P and Ca to meet animal requirements. Increasing levels continue to promote production." The mechanism is unlikely to be additional P response directly, rather: removal of the ANF status of phytate increasing protein solubility; increasing availability of Na, Ca, amino acids and energy; and reducing endogenous losses. Dr Miller also outlined the possibility that Myo-inositol, the central molecule of phytate that is released by phytase, may be an important nutrient in its own right and has been observed to have growth promoting effects in chickens. She concluded: "Bone P is a good indicator of P availability and hence phytase efficacy, but performance criteria give the best indication of optimum phytase levels."

　　DSM has taken phytases to the next level with Ronozyme HiPhos, which greatly increases availability of vegetable P and is heat stable, enabling easy inclusion in animal feeds and allowing removal of inorganic P and its associated environmental issues. Adding 200g/t of Ronozyme Hiphos has been shown in broilers to allow a 70% reduction in metabolizable crude protein (MCP) compared to a diet without phytase, yielding a comparative greenhouse gas reduction equivalent to driving a car six times around the world for every 1,000 broilers produced. Dr Philippe Becquet, senior regulatory affairs manager at DSM Switzerland, said the Ronozyme enzyme's ability to improve digestibility improved resource efficiency and reduced the level of nutrient excreted. In his presentation, 'A sustainable approach to modern pig production,' he defined resource efficiency as the quantity of feedstuffs used per 1kg of animal product and said reducing nutrient excretion resulted in lower emissions and also impacted on manure issues. Calling on the industry to adopt a sustainable mindset, meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, Dr Becquet considered the key environmental issues impacted by pig nutrition and the role DSM and its products can play in reducing that impact, particularly greenhouse gas emissions and eutrophication. In addition to Ronozyme he identified a further five DSM products that have a positive environmental impact: Crina, Cylactin, OVN, VevoVitall and the specific vitamin D3 metabolite, Hy●D. Dr Daniel Barreda, of the Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Canada, identified an increased interest in the extra-skeletal roles of vitamin D3. He told the Symposium: "The impacts to cellular immune responses are relevant for host antimicrobial defense mechanisms, inflammation, hematopoietic cell turnover and others." Dr Barreda's paper, 'Examination of novel roles for vitamin D3 in pig immunity and health,' discussed a recent study that examined the modulation of weanling pig cellular immunity in response to diet supplementation with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. "Analysis of functional traits showed that leukocyte cell numbers (P < 0.05) as well as proportions of individual granulocyte ( P < 0.01) and lymphocyte subpopulations (P < 0.05) were significantly and differentially affected," said Dr Barreda. "There was also positive modulation of leukocyte survival across blood (P < 0.01) and bronchoalveolar (P < 0.05) compartments, highlighting the potential contributions to systemic and mucosal antimicrobial responses." Dr Barreda said this was consistent with a parallel up regulation in phagocytic functional responses in HyD supplemented pigs (P < 0.05), but acknowledged there were still challenges in identifying the mechanisms involved in these cellular changes . The importance of controlling zoonotic bacteria at farm level was highlighted by Professor Lucas Dominguez, who identified pig meat as the second most important source of human infection in the EU, accounting for 10.2% of zoonosis outbreaks. Presenting a paper on 'Strategies on the control of Salmonella in modern pig production,' he said: "Measures should be based on strict hygienic practices, disinfection, biosecurity and management of the animals to avoid stressful situations and cross-contamination." According to Prof Dominguez, of Visavet Health Surveillance Centre , Complutense University of Madrid, a decrease of Salmonella prevalence in pigs can be achieved by implementation of monitoring programs as already shown from poultry sector. Additionally there may eventually be a reduction in the prevalence of Salmonella through use of natural feed additives that affect intestinal micro flora. Nevertheless a combined approach of several measures will be key for success.

　　Management and nutrition were key themes of Dr Gunner Sorensen's presentation, 'Feeding the modern sow's genetics' while looking at the Danish target of 35 weaned piglets per sow per year. Breeding performance and longevity of sows relies on the correct management of gilts. On productive units, a main focus has to be on preventing them getting too fat or too thin and regular evaluation of body condition - at farrowing, weaning, first gestation check and 70 days into gestation. Based on those measurements the individual sows' feed dose has to be adapted during the gestation period. Additionally the topic of stomach ulcerations in sows was addressed and how to minimize it via coarse-grained feed. Feed changes and water supply also have to be considered in reducing the incidence of ulcers.

　　Dr Sorensen, from the Danish Agriculture and Food Council's Pig Research Centre, said farms should aim for good management of the sow which will lead to good care of the piglets, as a high number of weaned piglets will only be achieved via maximized milk uptake. "Only sows in good shape and with good milk production will care best for the piglets. Further on, a low weight loss in lactation will lead to a higher litter size in following cycle." In summary of the presented papers the Symposium reached the following conclusions: ? Optimized usage of phytase leads to better P utilization and better pig performance ? Modern sow genetics demand close attention to nutrition and management ? Feed additives support sustainability via lower resource needs ? Immunity of piglets can be triggered via 25-OH-D3 supplementation ? Monitor programs are key for control of Salmonella in pig units Transferring these research findings to the European pig business will ensure a bright future while facing the modern challenges ahead.

bonderic

iris，工作很勤快，為大家翻譯這么多國外好文。

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bonderic 發表于 2013-10-31 11:19
iris，工作很勤快，為大家翻譯這么多國外好文。

謝謝老師啊，還有待繼續努力啊

bonderic

我可不敢稱老師，大家互相多學習多交流，共同提高。