單寧是影響高粱生長豬能值的重要因素

畜牧編輯

　　單寧是影響高粱生長豬能值的重要因素

　　2016. J. Anim. Sci. 94(7):2879-2889

　　單寧是影響高粱生長豬能值的重要因素
　　L. Pan, P. Li, X. K. Ma, Y. T. Xu, Q. Y. Tian, L. Liu, D. F. Li和X. S.Piao

　　本試驗檢測和比較了28個不同高粱在生長豬上的消化代謝能，并根據(jù)化學(xué)分析值建立的消化代謝能的預(yù)測方程。28個高粱來源于中國9個省份，其中低單寧高粱中的3個樣品為國外購買。高粱樣品包括8個低單寧高粱品種（LTS組，單寧≤0.16%），10個中單寧含量高粱（MTS組，0.67%≤單寧≤0.98%），以及10個高單寧含量高粱（HTS，1.11%≤單寧≤1.51%）。

　　試驗日糧含96.9%高粱以及3.1%的多維多礦。試驗共48頭去勢公豬（初始體重36.5±3.4kg），采用完全隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計，連續(xù)進(jìn)行兩個階段試驗（每組6個重復(fù)）。每個階段包括7天適應(yīng)期和5天全收糞。

　　高粱總能（GE）、粗蛋白、酸性洗滌纖維含量（干基）范圍分別為4363-4496 kcal/kg、8.26-13.41%、3.26-5.78%。低、中、高單寧組高粱中單寧平均含量分別為0.08、0.84、1.29%。低單寧組高粱消化能DE和代謝能ME（干基）含量范圍在3861-3989 kcal/kg和3784-3905kcal/kg，中單寧組高粱為3588-3669 kcal/kg，高單寧組高粱為3418-3538kcal/kg。中單寧組高粱消化能、代謝能、DE/GE、ME/GE和總能表觀消化率低于低單寧組高粱（P＜0.05），并顯著高于高單寧組高粱（P＜0.05）。單寧同消化能、代謝能或總能表觀消化率的相關(guān)系數(shù)均為-0.96（P＜0.01）。28個高粱消化能（kcal/kg干物質(zhì)）的最佳預(yù)測模型為6974 -（236×%單寧）-（43.27×%ADF）+（24.96×%CP）-（0.71×%GE），代謝能的最佳模型為3973 -（262×%單寧）-（27.24×%ADF）。

　　本試驗表明高粱的消化能和代謝能受到其化學(xué)成分的影響非常大，特別是其中的單寧含量。高粱單寧含量每增加1%，消化能和代謝能將降低超過200kcal/kg。總之，單寧是預(yù)測高粱消化代謝能的關(guān)鍵因子，在豬飼料中應(yīng)用高粱不應(yīng)忽視單寧的抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)作用。

　　Tannin is a key factor in the determination and prediction of energy content in sorghum grains fed to growing pigs

　　L. Pan, P. Li, X. K. Ma, Y. T. Xu, Q. Y.Tian, L. Liu, D. F. Li and X. S. Piao

　　This study was conducted to determine and compare the DE and ME content as well as the apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD) of GE in 28 samples of sorghum grain fed to growing pigs and to generate prediction equations for DE, ME, and the ATTD of GE based on chemical analysis.The 28 samples included 8 low-tannin sorghum cultivars (LTS; tannin ≤ 0.16%),10 medium-tannin sorghum cultivars (MTS: 0.67% ≤ tannin ≤ 0.98%), and 10 high-tannin sorghum cultivars(HTS; 1.11% ≤ tannin ≤ 1.51%) obtained from 9 provinces in China and 3 samples of LTS cultivars were obtained internationally. The 28 diets were formulated to contain 96.9% of 1 of the 28 sorghum grains and 3.1% of vitamins and minerals. Eighty-four barrows (36.5 ± 3.4 kg initial BW) were used in a randomized complete block design conducted during 2 consecutive periods (n = 6 per treatment) with the pigs fed different diets during the 2 periods. For each period, pigs were placed in metabolic crates for a 5-d total collection offeces and urine following 7 d of adaptation to the diets. Among the 28 samples,GE, CP, and ADF content (DM basis) ranged from 4,363 to 4,496 kcal/kg, 8.26 to13.41%, and 3.26 to 5.78%, respectively. The average tannin content was 0.08, 0.84, and 1.29% in the LTS, MTS, and HTS samples, respectively. The DE and ME content (DM basis) ranged from 3,861 to 3,989 and from 3,784 to 3,905 kcal/kg, respectively, in LTS; from 3,646 to 3,740 and from 3,588 to 3,669 kcal/kg, respectively, in MTS; and from 3,481 to 3,617 and from 3,418 to 3,538 kcal/kg, respectively, in HTS. The mean DE, ME, DE/GE, ME/GE, and ATTD of GE in MTS were less than those in LTS (P < 0.05) and greater than those in HTS (P <0.05). The correlation coefficients between DE, ME, or the ATTD of GE and tannin content were all &#8722;0.96 (P < 0.01). The best-fit equations for DE and ME (kcal/kg DM) for the complete set of 28 sorghum grains were 6,974 &#8722; (236 × %tannin) &#8722; (43.27 × % ADF) + (24.96 × % CP) &#8722; (0.71 × % GE) for DE and 3,973 &#8722;(262 × % tannin) &#8722; (27.24 × % ADF) for ME. Our results strongly indicate that the DE and ME content of sorghum grains are related to their chemical composition, especially their tannin content. The DE and ME content coulddecrease by more than 200 kcal/kg when the tannin content is increased by 1% inthe sorghum grain. Overall, tannin is a key predictor for the DE and ME content as well as the ATTD of GE in sorghum grains, and the potent antinutritive properties from tannin should not be ignored when sorghum is used as an energy source for pigs。

譯者：朱滔 轉(zhuǎn)自：豬營養(yǎng)國際論壇CSIS

山中的漫游者

這個指標(biāo)很客觀，我的理解是：采食量決定了飼料效果